Youtor
The HardyWeinberg Principle Watch your Ps and Qs
>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=oG7ob-MtO8c
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in populations remain stable over time, given certain assumptions. What assumptions? What does the principle mean? And how do you SOLVE those Hardy-Weinberg PROBLEMS? Everything shall be revealed in this video - with some penguins of course. They make everything go down easier. • JOIN THE FUN all over the WEB: • SUBSCRIBE: / thepenguinprof • FACEBOOK: / thepenguinprof • GOOGLE+: https://plus.google.com/+Penguinprof/... • TWITTER: / penguinprof • WEB: http://www.penguinprof.com/ • Links to Videos Mentioned: • Mendelian Genetics: • Mendelian Genetics - Fun with Cats an... • How to Solve Genetics Problems: • Solving Genetics Problems • Solution for the additional problem I showed at the end: • Allele Frequencies: • q = 0.04 • p = 0.96 • Genotype Frequencies: • homozygous dominant: 0.92 • Heterozygous: 0.08 • Homozygous recessive: 0.002 • Answer to the additional problem step-by-step: http://www.penguinprof.com/uploads/8/... • ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • Video Details: • Population Genetics: • The Hardy-Weinberg Principle • You need to know: • gene vs. allele • gentoype vs. phenotype • understanding probabilities (and vs. or) • Punnett Square • Hardy-Weinberg Principle • Timeline of Discoveries • Darwin, Mendel, DeVries, Correns • Hardy, Weinberg, Castle • • Mendelian Genetics Gets HOT • Particles are inherited! • Traits aren't blended! • Cambridge opens a department of Genetics • So What's it All About? • It's about frequencies • When talking about population genetics, we are interested in the prevalence of a particular allele or genotype in a population • The Hardy-Weinberg Principle States: • Frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant over time in the absence of other evolutionary influences • Assumptions • Organisms are diploid • Generations are non-overlapping • Population must be large • No immigration or emigration • No mutation in the gene of interest • No natural selection occurs (individuals reproduce at equal rates) • Mating is random • Alleles and Allele Frequency • Penguin Prof Helpful Hints • The Sum of All Possible Outcomes MUST Equal 1 • p+q = 1 • ALLELE FREQUENCY • 2 Alleles = Genotype • p2 + 2pq + p2 = 1 • What if There are Three Alleles? • (p, q and r) • Sample Problem • In a population of 1,000 penguins, 12 have blue feet. Find the frequency of the blue allele, the yellow allele and the frequencies of the three possible genotypes in this population. • Solving Hardy-Weinberg Problems • Assign the alleles • Frequency of the dominant allele is 'p' • Frequency of the recessive allele is 'q' • Calculate q by taking the square root of the number of homozygous recessive individuals • Calculate p (the allele frequencies must equal 1, so p = 1 − q) • Use p and q to calculate the other genotype frequencies: • frequency of homozygous dominant individuals = p2 • frequency of heterozygous individuals = 2pq • frequency of homozygous recessives = q2 • This may help: • Hardy-Weinberg Punnett Square • Try Another One... • In a population of 130,000 magical mice, green fur is dominant over orange. If there are 300 orange mice in a population of 130,000, find the following (assume population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium): • 1. Frequency of dominant (green) allele • 2. Frequency of recessive (orange) allele • 3. Frequency of each genotype
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