Neurobiological Impact of Stimulants Depressants and Hallucinogens

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Sponsored by BetterHelp. Clinicians, sign up with BetterHelp to increase your bookings and work from teh comfort of your own home. https://hasofferstracking.betterhelp.... • #neurobiology #pharmacology #addictioneducation • CEUs available at: http://allceus.com/CE/course/view.php... • Neurobiological Impact of Stimulants Depressants and Hallucinogens • Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes PhD, LPC-MHSP • Objectives • Define stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens • Discuss • Mechanism of action • Symptoms of intoxication • Symptoms of withdrawal • Short and long term effects • See also https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics... • Tolerance and Withdrawal • All psychoactive drugs cause alterations in the neurotransmitter balance. • Through exposure to either persistent or abnormally high levels of a substance • Bodily tissues develop resistance to prevent system overload. (ice cubes in the bath) • The body responds by increasing “balancing” neurotransmitters. (turn up the water heater) • Once the body has come to depend on the higher level of the substance, when it is withdrawn, then the “balancing neurotransmitters” exert their effect. • Intro • Method of administration greatly effects the intensity and duration of onset for various drugs • Oral (slowest) • Inhalation/Snorting • Inhalation/Smoking • Injection • Rectal suppository • Skin patches (pain relief, smoking cessation) • Intro • Drugs affect everyone differently, based on: • Size, weight and health (cardiac, thyroid, biological neurotransmitter levels) • Whether the person is used to taking it • Whether other drugs are taken concurrently • The amount taken • The strength of the drug (varies from batch to batch with illegally produced drugs) • What are Stimulants • Stimulants are substances that act to excite the central nervous system (HPA-Axis) • Caffeine • Amphetamines • Cocaine • Used to treat asthma and other respiratory problems, obesity, ADHD, narcolepsy, and occasionally depression • What are Depressants • Depressants exert the opposite effect of stimulants. • They s-l-o-w everything down • Mechanism of Action • Depressants exert their effects through a number of different pharmacological mechanisms, the most prominent of which include facilitation of GABA, and inhibition of glutamatergic or monoaminergic (dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin) activity • What are Hallucinogens • Hallucinogens cause profound distortions in a person’s perceptions of reality. • Some plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) are hallucinogenic, but hallucinogens can also be man-made • Commonly divided into two broad categories • Classic hallucinogens (such as LSD) • Dissociative drugs (such as PCP). • Dissociatives • Ketamine—also known as K, Special K, or cat Valium—is odorless and tasteless and has amnesia-inducing and dissociative properties. (Can facilitate sexual assault.) • DXM (Dextromethorphan)—also known as robo—is a cough suppressant and expectorant • Salvia divinorum—also known as diviner’s sage—is a psychoactive plant typically ingested by chewing fresh leaves or by drinking their extracted juices. • What are Hallucinogens • Hallucinogens interfere with the action serotonin and/or glutamate, which regulate: • Mood • Sensory perception and response • Sleep • Hunger • Body temperature • Sexual behavior • Muscle control • Pain perception • Learning and memory • Summary • Stimulants range from caffeine to methamphetamine and “amp up” the system • Opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, inhalants are all CNS depressants • Combinations of depressants have an exponential additive effect • Evaluate patients for exposure to all CNS depressants intentional and incidental • Hallucinogens include LSD, PCP, Peyote, Ketamine and Dextromethorphan • Recent research has indicated that HPPD is not due to “traces of the drug being freed up” • Want to chat with me? Join me at https://members.docsnipes.com/ For $10/month you get access to my daily tips for health and wellness and you can text chat with me privately. • Video by Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes on integrative behavioral health approaches including counseling techniques and skills for improving mental health and reducing mental illness. • Please SUBSCRIBE and click the BELL to be notified when we release new videos and when Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes is going live each month. • Cheap CEUs are available at https://www.allceus.com/live-interact... • AllCEUs provides multimedia counselor education and CEUs for LPCs, LMHCs, LMFTs and LCSWs as well as addiction counselor precertification training and continuing education. • Live, Interactive Webinars ($5) • Unlimited Counseling CEs for $59 • Specialty Certificates starting at $89 including Addiction Counselor, RecoveryCoach, Pee rSupport Specialist, Trauma Informed Care, BHT, Etherapy

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