Components of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus • The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent glomerular arteriole, the efferent glomerular arteriole, the extraglomerular mesangial cells, and that small portion of the distal tubule known as the macula densa that is located beside the renal glomerulus. This structure has specialized cell types: the macula densa of the distal tubule, the renin-containing cells of the afferent arteriole, and the interstitial lacis cells of the glomerular mesangium. The juxtaglomerular apparatus functions to maintain blood pressure and to act as a quality control mechanism to ensure proper glomerular flow rate and efficient sodium reabsorption. • The urethra extends from the bladder to the surface of the body. It consists of an epithelium-lined lumen and a smooth muscle layer. Urine exiting the urethra must pass through the muscular external sphincter. • #juxtaglomerularapparatus

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