Youtor
The Faint Young Sun Paradox
>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=qbnaes8X4iQ
This video was supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. To learn more, visit https://www.heisingsimons.org/ • Thanks also to our supporters on / minuteearth : • Today I Found Out • Maarten Bremer • Jeff Straathof • Mark Roth • Tony Fadell • Muhammad Shifaz • Melissa Vigil • Alberto Bortoni • Valentin • ___________________________________________ • Credits (and Twitter handles): • Script Writer: Emily Elert (@eelert) • Script Editor: Rachel Becker (@RA_Becks) • Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar) • Video Director: Emily Elert (@eelert) • Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert) • With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Kate Yoshida, Omkar Bhagat, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg • Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: / drschroeder • _________________________________________ • Like our videos? • Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd • Get early, exclusive access to our videos on Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ • Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ • Also, say hello on: • Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 • Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC • And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n • ___________________________________________ • If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like this: • Fantastic Aurora: Inside the Sun to Earth's Poles • Fantastic Aurora: Inside the Sun to E... • FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: • Abiogenesis – the process of life arising from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. • Amino Acids – a class of organic compounds. Twenty of the roughly 500 known amino acids appear in the genetic code, and, when strung together into long chains, form the basic building blocks of proteins. • Faint Young Sun Paradox – describes the apparent contradiction between evidence for a warm ancient Earth, and stellar models, which predict that the young Sun was 25% dimmer than today's Sun. First described by Carl Sagan and George Mullen in 1972. • The Miller–Urey experiment – a landmark experiment in the 1950s in which scientists demonstrated that amino acids could form spontaneously from inorganic gases present in Earth's early atmosphere • Snowball Earth – a climatic state of Earth in which the entire surface becomes frozen over. • Molecules featured in this video: • Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous oxide (N20) • Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) • Amino acids (especifically threonine, valine, cysteine and methionine) • Adenine (C5H5N5) • Glycine (C2H5NO2) • • ___________________________________________ • References: • Airapetian, V. S., Glocer, A., Gronoff, G., Hébrard, E., Danchi, W. (2016). Prebiotic chemistry and atmospheric warming of early Earth by an active young Sun. Nature Geoscience Nature Geosci, 9(6), 452-455. doi:10.1038/ngeo2719 • Earth's changeable atmosphere. (2016). Nature Geoscience Nature Geosci, 9(6), 409-409. doi:10.1038/ngeo2735 • Feulner, G. (2012). The faint young Sun problem. Rev. Geophys. Reviews of Geophysics, 50(2). doi:10.1029/2011rg000375 • Leconte, J., Forget, F., Charnay, B., Wordsworth, R., Pottier, A. (2013). Increased insolation threshold for runaway greenhouse processes on Earth-like planets. Nature, 504(7479), 268-271. doi:10.1038/nature12827 • Marchi, S., Black, B., Elkins-Tanton, L., Bottke, W. (2016). Massive impact-induced release of carbon and sulfur gases in the early Earth's atmosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 449, 96-104. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.032 • Sagan, C., Mullen, G. (1972). Earth and Mars: Evolution of Atmospheres and Surface Temperatures. Science, 177(4043), 52-56. doi:10.1126/science.177.4043.52 • Wolf, E. T., Toon, O. B. (2014). Delayed onset of runaway and moist greenhouse climates for Earth. Geophys. Res. Lett. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(1), 167-172. doi:10.1002/2013gl058376
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