Räumliche und zeitliche Summation EPSPIPSP Verschaltung an Synapsen Neurobiologie Oberstufe

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In diesem Video geht es um die räumliche und zeitliche Summation, zwei Begriffe, die im Kontext der Erregungsweiterleitung an der Synapse und bei diesem Vorgang vor allem bei der Integration der Information an der postsynaptischen Membran eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Wie wir im letzten Video ausführlich besprochen haben, wird bei der Erregungsweiterleitung der vom Axon kommende Nervenimpuls bzw. Aktionspotenzial als elektrisches Signal an der Synapse in ein chemisches Signal umgewandelt, ehe dieses von der nächsten Nervenzelle wieder in ein elektrisches Signal transformiert wird. Auf diese Weise kommunizieren Nervenzellen miteinander. • Eine einzelne Nervenzelle kann etliche Dendriten haben – und dadurch auch über die präsynaptischen Endigungen vieler weiterer Nervenzellen in Kontakt treten. Dadurch kann eine Nervenzelle bis zu 1000 Eingangssignale anderer Nervenzellen empfangen; wenngleich sie nur ein einziges Ausgangssignal erzeugt; und zwar ein sich fortpflanzendes Aktionspotential in einem einzelnen Axon. • Was entscheidet darüber, ob und wann ein elektrisches Signal in Form eines Aktionspotenzials generiert wird? Oder noch präziser gefragt: Was entscheidet darüber, ob ein elektrisches Signal die postsynaptische Zelle so ausreichend stark erregt, dass sich ihr Membranpotenzial, das im Ruhezustand bei ca. -70 mV liegt, verringert (d.h. depolarisiert), sodass es einen bestimmten Schwellenwert überschreitet und ein Aktionspotenzial auslöst? • Erregende und hemmende Signale können sowohl räumlich als auch zeitlich summiert werden. • Bei der räumlichen Summation addieren sich die zur gleichen Zeit eintreffenden erregenden bzw. hemmenden Signale am Axonhügel. • Im Gegensatz dazu addieren sich bei der zeitlichen Summation die postsynaptischen Potenziale, die am selben Ort in rascher Folge erzeugt werden. • Eine Visualisierung zur räumlichen und zeitlichen Summation sowie eine weitere Erläuterung finden sich im 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