Stem Cell Trivia LifeXtenShow

>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=rJpGZmj3Mm8

Want to test your knowledge about stem cells with this not-so-trivial trivia? Let's see if you can do better than Giuliano and Nicola! (You probably can, especially better than Nicola...) • Thanks to Ulla-Kaisa Peteri for preparing the questions! • Liked the show? Let us know on Twitter at / lifespanio or our Discord server at / discord • Facebook: / lifespanio • LinkedIn: / lifespanio • Instagram: / lifespan.io • Website: https://www.leafscience.org/ • Music: • Intro jingle courtesy of Kevin MacLeod - Incompetech.com • Points Tally by Eric Matyas • Marty gots a plan Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) • Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License • http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... • -------------------------- • Notes and sources (SPOILERS!): • Question 1 • Note about answer B: ES cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. ESCs can generate all the cells of the body, but they cannot generate the extra-embryonic tissues, such as placenta tissue. A fertilized oocyte is totipotent during the first few cell divisions and then (around day 4-5) reaches the blastocyst stage, at which point the embryo consists of two types of cells: trophoblasts that form the extraembryonic structures and an inner cell mass that gives rise to three germ layers. • Question 2 • Note about answer D: Whether the human brain regenerates or not has been debated for a long time and still is to some extent. Still, the idea that neural stem cells exist is currently favored and supported by scientific evidence. • Question 3 • Dimos et al. (2008) Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons. Science, 321(5893), 1218-1221 • Question 4 • Note about answer D: A common problem with transplantations is deciding what type of cell should be transplanted. If cells are too immature and close to the pluripotent stage, they pose a threat of becoming tumorigenic. If the transplanted cells are too mature, they may lack the plasticity required for proper integration into target tissue. Defining the right type of cells very much depends on the application, and this also calls for standardized differentiation protocols and characterization criteria. There are numerous differentiation protocols, but even the ones aiming for the same cell type do not always generate cells with identical properties (eg. maturity, functionality). • Question 5 • A) Sharma et al. High-throughput screening of tyrosine kinase inhibitor cardiotoxicity with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Transl Med. 2017; 9:eaaf2584. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2584. • Note: Generation of different cell types tends to require specific conditions for each cell type, and complex tissues are challenging to produce in vitro. 3D culture approaches and microfluidic systems have improved differentiation methods, but there are still technical issues to overcome. • C) Garcez et al. Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids. Science 2016 352(6287):816-818 • D) Ocampo et al. In vivo amelioration of age-associated hallmarks by partial reprogramming. Cell. 2017 167(7):1719-1733 • -------------------------- • #Biology #StemCells #Trivia #Aging #LifeExtension • ►Subscribe for more: http://www.youtube.com/user/LifespanI... • ►This video is presented by LEAF. Please support our work by becoming a Lifespan Hero: http://lifespan.io/hero

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