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IB Chemistry Topic 111 Uncertainties and errors
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IB Chemistry Topic 11.1 Uncertainties and errors • How to calculation uncertainty using uncertainty propagation. Multiply and divide add percentage error. Plus and minus add raw uncertainties. Also calculations for percentage error and the half-way method for when uncertainty is not mainly coming from the instrumentation. • Full set of resources for topic 11/21: • http://www.mrwengibchemistry.com • 0:33 Key terms (random/systematic error, precision, accuracy) • 2:12 Example causes of systematic error • 4:48 Reducing random error • 5:30 Determining uncertainty • 8:03 Halfway method • 10:04 Significant zeros • 11:43 Significant figures and calculations • 13:57 Key terms (Absolute/percentage uncertainty/error) • 15:02 Uncertainty propagation • 17:51 Percentage error • 19:21 Measuring with glassware (titrations) • 11.1 Uncertainties and errors in measurement and results • Qualitative data includes all non-numerical information obtained from observations not from measurement. • Quantitative data are obtained from measurements, and are always associated with random errors/uncertainties, determined by the apparatus, and by human limitations such as reaction times. • Propagation of random errors in data processing shows the impact of the uncertainties on the final result. • Experimental design and procedure usually lead to systematic errors in measurement, which cause a deviation in a particular direction. • Repeat trials and measurements will reduce random errors but not systematic errors. • Distinction between random errors and systematic errors. • Record uncertainties in all measurements as a range (+) to an appropriate precision. • Discussion of ways to reduce uncertainties in an experiment. • Propagation of uncertainties in processed data, including the use of percentage uncertainties. • Discussion of systematic errors in all experimental work, their impact on the results and how they can be reduced. • Estimation of whether a particular source of error is likely to have a major or minor effect on the final result. • Calculation of percentage error when the experimental result can be compared with a theoretical or accepted result. • Distinction between accuracy and precision in evaluating results. • Connect with me: • Facebook: / ibchemistry2016
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