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Deoxyribonucleic acidwhat is DNA amp how does it workbasics of DNAnucleotide baseBIOCHEMISTRYt2e
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Deoxyribonucleic acid is a base molecule that acts as a blueprint for the living organisms. Knowing DNA structure and functions, therefore, is quite important in biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology@BIOCHEMISTRY-t2e • At its most basic, DNA is composed of nucleotide bases-the backbone of this complex macromolecule. A nucleotide is, itself, composed of three parts: a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of DNA nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The two bases pair up specifically: Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine with guanine, forming the ladder rungs of the double helix@BIOCHEMISTRY-t2e • The structure of a double helix was famously described as a twisted ladder, with alternating sugar and phosphate groups forming the sides and paired nucleotide bases forming the rungs. This arrangement provides DNA with an added capacity to function well while offering stability@BIOCHEMISTRY-t2e • DNA serves as the repository of genetic information. The DNA sequence communicates to a cell how proteins, like vitamins, ought to be built. Where there is the requirement for a given protein by a cell, it transcribes its sequence as messenger RNA or mRNA. After transcription has been done, then this mRNA goes on to direct translation in the building of proteins@BIOCHEMISTRY-t2e • DNA is also essential for replication. At the time of cell division, DNA has to be duplicated with utmost accuracy so that each daughter cell must possess genetic material identical to the parent cell. The process of duplication is catalyzed by various enzymes among which is DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the growing strand based on the template offered by the original DNA@BIOCHEMISTRY-t2e • As briefly discussed above, the structure and function of DNA are interrelated. The double helix model is not only designed to protect information but also allows for easy replication and expression of genes. An appreciation of these fundamentals of DNA is important in an attempt to grasp its application in the science of biology and biochemistry@BIOCHEMISTRY-t2e • #DNAstructureandfunction #DNAstructure #structureofDNA #structureandfunctionofDNA #DNAfunction #DNAfunctionandstructure #DNAstructureandreplication #nucleotidestructure #deoxyribonucleicacid #what isDNAandhowdoesitwork #doublehelix
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