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NEOPLASIA 3 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES Retinoblastoma Gene Knudsons Two Hit Hypothesis
>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=tuwogQmcAps
This short tutorial explains the general concepts of tumor suppressor genes and a detailed explaination of Retinoblastoma gene • ***Follow me**** • http://ilovepathology.com/ • Twitter : / vijaypatho • / ilovepathology2 • Facebook: / ilovepathology • • Tumor suppression genes- general aspects • Retinoblastoma gene • Knudson’s two Hit Hypothesis • Role of RB in regulation of cell cycle • Mechanism of inactivation of RB • Tumors associated with RB gene mutations • Tumor suppressor proteins( products of TSG) • Regulate cell growth by applying brakes to cell proliferation ( Growth Inhibition) • Failure of growth inhibition is seen in carcinogenesis • Loss of function of these genes is a key event in carcinogenesis • Retinoblastoma Gene ( RB Gene) • First discovered Tumor suppressor gene • Chromosome 13q14 • Retinoblastoma: is a childhood tumor with inactivation of this gene. • Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis • Two mutations ( hits) involving both the alleles of TSG ( here RB gene) is a basic requisite for the development of tumor • Retinoblastoma can occur as hereditary or sporadic form • Explanation for the same is given by Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis • RB protein- product of RB gene • Key role in regulation of the cell cycle • “Governor” of the cell cycle • So, How does RB gets inactivated ?OrHow does the Antiproliferative activity of RB is nullified? • 1. Germline somatic • Loss of function Mutations of RB Gene • 2. Gene Amplifications of CDK 4 and • Cyclin D genes • 3. Functional inactivation of RB • Tumors associated with RB Gene mutations • Retinoblastoma • Osteosarcoma • Glioblastomas • Small cell carcinomas of lung • Breast cancers • Bladder cancers • ~-~~-~~~-~~-~ • Please watch: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why How? • • NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark... • ~-~~-~~~-~~-~
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