Assam History

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History of Assam: Varman Dynasty, Mlechchha Dynasty, Pala Dynasty, Muslim Invasion and Khen Dynasty. • Varman Dynasty: • This was the first historical dynasty of the Kamrupa Kingdom. The Dynasty was established by Pushyavarman in around 350 AD. Allahabad Pillar Prasasti of Samudragupta has mentioned the ruler of Kamrupa as the frontier ruler (pratyanta-nripati) of Gupta emperor. Pushya Varman was the first ruler of Kamrupa (355-380 AD). He was contemporary of Samudragupta of Gupta Dynasty of Patiliputra. He took the title Maharajadhiraj. He was succeeded by Samudra Varman and Bala Varman. Amrit Prabha, the daughter of Balavarman, was married to the prince of Kashmir Meghavahana. Balavarman was succeeded by Kalyan Varman, Ganapati Varman and Mahendra Varman. Mahendra Varman was the first king to perform Ashwamedha Yagya. He performed Ashwamedha Yagya twice. Varman Dynasty was at its peak during the reign of Bhaskar Varman. He was contemporary of Harshavardhan, son of Prabhakar Vardhan of Pushyabhuti Dynasty. He made political alliance with Harshavardhana against the alliance of Gauda and east Malwa. During his reign, Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang visited Kamrupa. Hiuen Tsang wrote Si-Yu-Ki. Bhaskar Varman accompanied king Harshvardhana to religious procession from Patiliputra to Kannauj. He issued the Dubi and Nidhanpur copper plate grants. With the death of Bhaskar Varman, the Varman Dynasty came to an end. • Mlechchha Dynasty: • Also called Salasthambha Dynasty. Established by a chieftain called Salasthambha. Salasthambha was succeeded by Vigrahastambha and Palaka. The capital was Harruppesvar, the present day Tezpur. Sri Harshadeva was the sixth king of the dynasty. His kingdom was extended upto Gaur, Orissa, Kalinga and Kushal. Another important ruler was Hajaravarman, the son of Pralambha. Hajaravarman issued Hayunthal copper plates inscriptions found at Nagaon and Tezpur rock epigraph. There were 21 rulers of the dynasty. Tyaga Singha was the last ruler of the Dynasty. • Pala Dynasty: • The Pala Dynasty was founded by Bramhapala. Brahmapala was succeeded by Ratnapala. Ratnapala shifted his capital to Sri Durjaya. Ratnapala was succeeded by Indrapala. Jayapala was the last ruler of the Pala Dynasty. • Muslim Invasion: • The first Muslim invasion took place during the reign of Prithu Dev in 1205 AD. The invasion was led by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji. During the first invasion, Prithu defeated Bakhtiyar Khalji. During the reign of Prithu, the second Muslim invasion of Kamrup took place in 1927. During second invasion, Ghiyasuddin Bakhtiyar Khalji invaded Kamrup in 1927. Prithu defeated Ghiyasuddin during the second invasion. Prithu was killed by Nasiruddin. Nasiruddin appointed Sandhiya, son of Prithu, as a vassal king. The successor of Prithu, Sandhya moved the capital to Kamatapur. The third Muslim Invasion took place in the year 1257. • Khen Dynasty: • Khen dynasty was founded by Niladhvaj Khan. Niladhvaj was succeeded by Chakradhvaj. Nilambar was the third and the last ruler of the Khen Dynasty. Nilambar was overthrown by Alauddin Husain Shah, the Sultan of Bengal, in 1498. • • music: • https://www.bensound.com/ • references: • https://en.wikipedia.org/ • Assam Year Book

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