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AQA A Level Biology Investigating Biodiversity
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Unlock full course: https://studymind.co.uk/online-course... Today you’re going to learn about DNA, Genes Chromosomes in particular Investigating Biodiversity from the A-Level Biology AQA Specification and feel confident about exam technique! ✅ Watch all the videos for FREE on https://bit.ly/32OAe7d alongside our textbook and free flashcards. • A-Level Biology especially for AQA can be tough but fortunately we’ve made this tutorial to help you score the A* you need for questions on Investigating Biodiversity. ✅ • 📒The three main aims of this tutorial are to cover: 📒 • 1. Comparative Genomics • 2. Variation • 3. Quantitative Analysis in Investigating Diversity • Introduction (1:53) • Taxonomy, phylogenetics, population ecology, and evolutionary biology are all fields of biology that are concerned with studying the diversity of species and relationships between these species. • The field of comparative genomics focuses on studying the diversity of • species and their relationships by comparing their underlying genomes. • Comparative Genomics: DNA (2:33) • Using novel biotechnological breakthroughs such as Next Generation • Sequencing, comparative genomicists have been able to rapidly sequence the genomes of many organisms. Comparative analysis of DNA sequences between species allows us to determine the relatedness between species. Comparative analysis of DNA sequences is a poor technique for determining relationships between organisms. • Comparative Genomics: mRNA (3:41) • While underlying base DNA sequences of different genes may be very • different, most genes have similar exon sequences. • Because mRNA only has exons, it is useful to perform comparative alignments of mRNA to determine degrees of similarities between organisms. • Comparative Genomics: Amino Acid Sequences and Protein Structures (4:27) • When comparing evolutionary relationships, we compare genes. Genes encode for proteins. Comparative alignments of amino acid sequences of proteins from different species are the best tool for determining evolutionary relationships. The number of amino acid differences in a protein between two organisms is inversely proportional to their relatedness. • Quantitative Analysis in Investigating Diversity (6:50) • When studying biological diversity (either species diversity or genetic • diversity) we are measuring a statistical endpoint called variation. • Variation is the measured level of differences in a particular trait or set of • traits. When measuring variations in traits, we have to measure different character states. There are two types of variation: Continuous variation can be plotted on a distribution such as a normal distribution plot (i.e., bell curve). Discontinuous variation must be plotted using bar graphs (because there is no range of distribution). • Sampling (9:03) • When scientists study a particular population, they study a sample. • Means and Standard Deviation (10:11) • When studying continuous variations, we plot them on what is called a normal distribution. When drawing conclusions from a scientific study, we need to measure how significant the difference is between our samples. • To catch our latest videos, subscribe and leave a comment below on a video you’d like us to record! • 👇 Subscribe to Study Mind with ONE CLICK👇 • 👇Revise with free past papers BY TOPIC for AQA A-Level Biology👇 • https://bit.ly/2mE065v • 👇Get personalised 1-1 Tutoring at £30ph for GUARANTEED improvement👇 • https://bit.ly/2mDXNzn • Tags: #AQABiology #ALevelBiology #StudyMind #Genomics #Variation
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