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Pharmacology of Verapamil Overview Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetics Uses Effects
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Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used primarily to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), angina (chest pain), and arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats). Here's a brief overview of its pharmacology: • Mechanism of Action • Verapamil works by blocking calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels. This prevents calcium from entering the cells, leading to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and reduced heart rate. This helps to lower blood pressure and improve blood flow to the heart. • Administration Routes • Verapamil can be administered orally or via intravenous (IV) injection. • Pharmacokinetics • Absorption: Verapamil is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with a bioavailability of about 35%. • Distribution: It is highly protein-bound (90%) and has a large volume of distribution. • Metabolism: Verapamil is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme CYP3A4. • Excretion: It is excreted mainly through the kidneys (11%) and to a lesser extent through feces. • Half-Life: The elimination half-life is about 2.8 to 7.4 hours. • Indications • Verapamil is indicated for the treatment of: • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • Chronic stable angina (chest pain that occurs at predictable times, usually with exertion) • Vasospastic angina (Prinzmetal's angina, which occurs at rest due to coronary artery spasm) • Arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia3 • Adverse Effects • Common side effects include: • Headache • Dizziness • Flushing • Constipation • Peripheral edema (swelling of the ankles and feet) • More serious side effects can include: • Hypotension (low blood pressure) • Heart failure in patients with pre-existing heart conditions • Bradycardia (slow heart rate) • Does this cover what you were looking for, or is there something more specific you'd like to know about verapamil? • #Verapamil
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