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Phylum porifera sponge Class 11 Animal Kingdom
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Phylum Porifera • Porifera, also known as sponges, are the simplest multicellular animals. They are sessile, meaning they are attached to a substrate and do not move. Sponges have a porous body that allows water to flow through them. This water flow is used for feeding, gas exchange, and waste removal. • Characteristics of Porifera • Porous body • Sessile • Lack true tissues and organs • Asymmetrical body • Aquatic • Filter feeders • Anatomy of Porifera • The body of a sponge is made up of two layers: the pinacoderm and the choanoderm. The pinacoderm is the outer layer and is made up of flat cells that secrete a protective skeleton. The choanoderm is the inner layer and is made up of flagellated cells that create a water current through the sponge. • Types of Sponges • There are three main types of sponges: • Calcarea: These sponges have a skeleton made of calcium carbonate. • Hyalospongia: These sponges have a skeleton made of silica. • Demospongia: These sponges have a skeleton made of spongin, a protein-like substance. • Reproduction in Porifera • Sponges can reproduce sexually or asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of sperm and eggs. Asexual reproduction can occur by budding or gemmule formation. Budding is when a new sponge grows out of an existing sponge. Gemmule formation is when a sponge produces a small, resistant cyst that can later develop into a new sponge. • Ecological Role of Porifera • Sponges play an important role in the marine ecosystem. They filter out plankton and other small organisms from the water, which helps to keep the water clean. Sponges also provide a habitat for other marine organisms, such as fish and invertebrates. • Examples of Porifera • Bath sponges: These sponges are used for bathing and cleaning. • Venus's flower basket: This sponge is a popular aquarium species. • Brain coral: This sponge is found in coral reefs. • Neptune's necklace: This sponge is found in deep water. • Sponges are fascinating creatures that play an important role in the marine ecosystem. They are also a valuable resource for humans, as they are used for a variety of purposes. • #animal_kingdom • #phylumporifera • #class11
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