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Brodmann area 45
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Brodmann area 45, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9 and adjacent to BA46. • • • This area is also known as pars triangularis. In the human, it occupies the triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus, a portion of the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus. Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus, it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral sulcus. • • • In terms of cytoarchitecture, it is bounded caudally by the opercular area 44, rostrodorsally by the middle frontal area 46, and ventrally by the orbital area 47 . • • • Together with BA 44, it comprises Broca's area, a region that is active in semantic tasks, such as semantic decision tasks and generation tasks. • • • The precise role of BA45 in semantic tasks remains controversial. For some researchers, its role would be to subserve semantic retrieval or semantic working memory processes. Under this view, BA44 and BA45 would together guide recovery of semantic information and evaluate the recovered information with regard to the criterion appropriate to a given context. A slightly modified account of this view is that activation of BA45 is needed only under controlled semantic retrieval, when strong stimulus-stimulus associations are absent. For other researchers, BA45's role is not restricted to semantics per se, but to all activities that require task-relevant representations from among competing representations. Lesions of the BA45 lead to the characteristic findings of expressive aphasia in individuals who are left hemispheric dominant. • • • A strong correlation has been found between speech-language and the anatomically asymmetric pars triangularis. Foundas, et al. showed that language function can be localized to one region of the brain, as Paul Broca had done before them, but they also supported the idea that one side of the brain is more involved with language than the other. The human brain has two hemispheres, and each one looks similar to the other; that is, it looks like one hemisphere is a mirror image of the other. This is not actually the way it works. Foundas, et al. found that the part of Broca's area we call pars triangularis is actually bigger than the same region in the right side of the brain. Interestingly, this 'leftward asymmetry' corresponded both in form and function. This means that the part of the brain that is active during language processing is bigger. In almost all the test subjects, this was the left side. In fact, the only subject tested that had right-hemispheric language dominance was found to have a rightward asymmetry of the pars triangularis. • • • Certain other researchers, however, have found no volumetric asymmetries in the pars triangularis. They have challenged previous findings that pars triangularis asymmetry exists and have suggested that inconsistencies in previous findings may be due to great variability in inter-individual pars triangularis morphology. That is, these regions tend to vary in size and shape much more than other areas of the brain, such as deep cortical nuclei. Furthermore, while these researcher found statistically significant asymmetries in the pars opercularis and the planum temporale, they found no correlations between asymmetries of these brain regions with that of the pars triangularis. • • • Video Empire produces videos read aloud. Use the information in this video at your own risk. We cannot always guarantee accuracy. • • This video uses material from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodman..., licensed with CC Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0. This video is licensed with CC Attribution-Share-Alike 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... In order to adapt this content it is required to comply with the license terms. Image licensing information is available via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodman...
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