Serotonin Synthesis 5Hydroxytryptamine Synthesis Outcomes of Eliminating Serotonin in the Brain

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In the brain, serotonin synthesis occurs in the raphe nuclei (as well as the pineal gland to a small extent). Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT, is an extremely important neurotransmitter molecule. Yet, genetically engineered mice whose brains do not produce serotonin survive and develop somewhat normally, except that they are really aggressive. This video focuses on 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and the neurobiological outcomes of eliminating serotonin from the brain. • What do you think of Sense of Mind’s new style (more visuals, shorter videos)? Let me know in the comments. • The neuroscience of serotonin is complex. That’s why I’ve created a playlist on the neurobiology of the serotonin system. Link to the rest of the serotonin videos: • Serotonin Miniseries • Chapters: • 00:00 Serotonin (also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter molecule synthesized in your brain. • 00:15 The focus of this video (serotonin synthesis steps and consequences of eliminating serotonin from the brain) • 00:40 Check out my other videos on neuroscience • 00:51 Part 1: Where in the brain is serotonin synthesized? • 01:30 The raphe nuclei • 01:57 Shoutout to JJ Medicine’s video on serotonin and melatonin synthesis • 02:20 Part 2: Synthesis - Tryptophan (an essential amino acid) is the precursor to serotonin • 02:59 Tryptophan is made into 5-HTP, catalyzed by the TPH enzyme (tryptophan hydroxylase) • 03:30 5-HTP is made into 5-HT (serotonin), catalyzed by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase • 03:58 Serotonin is packaged into vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) • 04:14 Synaptic transmission overview • 04:35 Serotonin is cleaned out of the synapse by reuptake pumps and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-A) • 05:17 Serotonin is chemically transformed into melatonin in the pineal gland • 05:59 Part 2: What happens when the brain cannot produce serotonin? • 06:25 How researchers eliminated serotonin from the brain (disrupted the TPH2 gene) • 06:55 Adult mouse brains without serotonin • 07:50 Restoring serotonin to the brain by injecting 5-HTP • 08:50 Behavioral outcomes for mice that never had any serotonin in their brains • 11:25 Please sign up for the video newsletter! And the podcast! • 12:03 Summary and conclusion • 13:07 Check out the other videos in this playlist! • – • Sign up for the weekly video newsletter (free!): http://senseofmindshow.com/newsletter/ • Subscribe to the podcast (new episode every week!): https://anchor.fm/senseofmind • Instagram: / sense.ofmind • Facebook: / senseofmindshow • Sources Cited: • Sharp, T., Barnes, N. M. (2020). Central 5-HT receptors and their function; present and future. Neuropharmacology, 177, 108155. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32522... • Dingman M. Know Your Brain: Raphe Nuclei. Neuroscientifically Challenged. https://neuroscientificallychallenged.... Published October 27, 2017. • Di Giovanni, G., De Deurwaerdère, P. (2020). Serotonin research: Crossing scales and boundaries. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.... • Hoyer, D. (2020). Targeting the 5-HT system: Potential side effects. Neuropharmacology, 108233. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32805... • Mosienko, V., Bader, M., Alenina, N. (2020). The serotonin-free brain: behavioral consequences of Tph2 deficiency in animal models. In Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience (Vol. 31, pp. 601-607). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64... • Carhart-Harris, R. L., Nutt, D. J. (2017). Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 31(9), 1091-1120. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28858... • Bacqué-Cazenave, J., Bharatiya, R., Barrière, G., Delbecque, J. P., Bouguiyoud, N., Di Giovanni, G., ... De Deurwaerdère, P. (2020). Serotonin in animal cognition and behavior. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(5), 1649. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32121... • Carvajal-Oliveros, A., Campusano, J. M. (2021). Studying the Contribution of Serotonin to Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Can This Fly?. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 262. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/... • JJ Medicine. “Serotonin and Melatonin Synthesis | Tryptophan Metabolism” • Serotonin and Melatonin Synthesis | T... .

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