NonAligned Movement 10th ICSE

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Practice and Prepare @ https://www.doorsteptutor.com/ • Science, Social Studies and Humanities more interesting topics subscribe at TestPrep: / testprep • Lectures in Hindi: NCERT, Yojana, Kurukshetra, Down to Earth, Science, Social Studies and More interesting topics subscribe at ExamraceHindi: / examracehindi • For kids videos subscribe to FunProf: / funprof • For Science Class 11-12 and important topics subscribe to DoorStepTutor: / doorsteptutor • Also visit • NCERT Solutions, NIOS @ https://www.flexiprep.com/ • IGCSE, A AS Level @ https://www.examtestprep.com/ • • The roots of NAM went back to the friendship between three leaders as Yugoslavia’s Josip Broz Tito, India’s Jawaharlal Nehru, and Egypt’s leader Gamal Abdel Nasser who held a meeting in 1956. Indonesia’s Sukarno and Ghana’s Kwame Nkrumah strongly supported them. • (i) cooperation among these five countries, • (ii) growing Cold War tensions and its widening arenas • (iii) dramatic entry of many newly decolonised African countries into the international arena • By 1960, there were 16 new African members in the UN. • 1st summit – 25 member states • In 2006 - 116 member states and 15 observer countries. • In 2018, the movement had 125 members and 25 observer countries • Non-alignment is not isolationism since isolationism means remaining aloof from world affairs. Isolationism sums up the foreign policy of the US from the American War of Independence in 1787 up to the beginning of the First World War • India mediated 2 rival alliances for peace and stability - soften Cold War rivalries - reduce the differences between the alliances and thereby • prevent differences from escalating into a full-scale war • Neutrality refers principally to a policy of staying out of war. States Practising neutrality are not required to help end a war. They do not get involved in wars and do not take any position on the appropriateness or morality of a war. • India’s Cold War response: • it took particular care in staying away from the two alliances. • it raised its voice against the newly decolonised countries becoming part of these alliances. • First, non-alignment allowed India to take international decisions and stances • Second, India was often able to balance one superpower against the other. • Critics for India: • India’s non-alignment was said to be ‘unprincipled’. In the name of pursuing its national interest, India, it was said, often refused to take a firm stand on crucial international issues. • India was inconsistent and took contradictory position. Having criticised others for joining alliances, India signed the Treaty of Friendship in August 1971 with the USSR for 20 years. This was regarded, particularly by outside observers, as virtually joining the Soviet alliance system. India needed military support for Bangladesh crisis • NAM lost its relevance with disintegration of the USSR and the end of the Cold War in 1991. It meant that the poor and often very small countries of the world need not become followers of any of the big powers, that they could pursue an independent foreign policy. It was also based on a resolve to democratise the international system by thinking about an alternative world order to redress existing inequities. • • Chapters: • 0:00 Changing Bipolarity –NAM • 2:10 Isolationism Neutrality • 5:38 JL Nehru • 5:50 Josip Broz Tito • 6:00 Gamal Abdel Nasser • 6:19 Sukarno • 6:35 Kwame Nkrumah • 6:51 NAM • #Member #Observer #Countries #Aligned #Movement #Neutrality #Isolationism #Bipolarity #Manishika #Examrace #examrace #upsc #ugcnet

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