Bafilomycin A1 A VATPase Inhibitor with Research and Therapeutic Applications GlpBio

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Bafilomycin A1 is a natural product that was first isolated from Streptomyces griseus in 1987. It is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits the activity of vacuolar-type H^+-ATPases (V-ATPases), which are proton pumps found in the membranes of various cellular organelles. The compound has been extensively studied for its effects on various cellular processes and has potential applications in medicine. • Molecular Structure: • Bafilomycin A1 has a complex structure consisting of a macrocyclic lactone ring and a polyketide side chain. The molecule has a molecular weight of 622.8 g/mol and a molecular formula of C_35H_58O_9. • Mechanism of Action: • Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the activity of V-ATPases by binding to the proton-conducting channel of the pump, preventing the translocation of protons across the membrane. This effect leads to an increase in the pH of the organelle, as well as a decrease in the electrochemical potential across the membrane. The inhibition of V-ATPases affects a range of cellular processes, including protein degradation, membrane trafficking, and lysosomal acidification. • Biological Effects: • The inhibition of V-ATPases by bafilomycin A1 has a range of biological effects. For example, the compound can inhibit the degradation of proteins by autophagy, a process by which cells degrade and recycle their own components. The inhibition of lysosomal acidification prevents the activation of lysosomal enzymes, leading to the accumulation of undegraded materials in lysosomes. This effect has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and lysosomal storage diseases. • Bafilomycin A1 can also affect membrane trafficking by inhibiting the acidification of endosomes, which are organelles involved in the sorting and transport of proteins and lipids. The inhibition of endosomal acidification leads to the accumulation of proteins in the endosomal compartment, leading to altered cellular processes. • Additionally, bafilomycin A1 has been shown to inhibit the acidification of the extracellular space, which can affect various physiological processes such as bone resorption and immune cell function. • Applications: • Due to its effects on V-ATPases, bafilomycin A1 has been widely used as a research tool to study various cellular processes. For example, the compound is used to study autophagy, lysosomal function, and membrane trafficking. It has also been used to investigate the role of V-ATPases in various physiological processes. • Bafilomycin A1 has potential applications in medicine. For example, the compound has been shown to have anti-cancer properties by inhibiting the acidification of the extracellular space, which can prevent tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Additionally, the compound has been studied as a potential therapeutic agent for lysosomal storage diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. • In summary, bafilomycin A1 is a natural product that inhibits the activity of V-ATPases, leading to a range of cellular effects. The compound has been extensively used as a research tool to study various cellular processes and has potential applications in medicine. • For details please check: • https://www.glpbio.com/bafilomycin-a1...

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