Tubular and Interstitial diseases Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

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Tubular and interstitial diseases are a group of kidney disorders that affect the tubules and interstitium, which are the structures responsible for filtering waste and excess substances from the blood. Some common tubular and interstitial diseases include: • 1. Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN): damage to the tubular cells, often caused by medications, toxins, or ischemia. • 2. Chronic Tubular Interstitial Nephritis (CTIN): long-term damage to the tubules and interstitium, leading to scarring and kidney dysfunction. • 3. Tubular Acidosis (TA): a group of disorders characterized by the kidney's inability to properly acidify or alkalize the urine. • 4. Fanconi Syndrome: a rare disorder affecting the proximal tubules, leading to excessive loss of glucose, amino acids, and phosphate in the urine. • 5. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI): a rare disorder affecting the distal tubules, leading to inability to concentrate urine. • 6. Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease (MCKD): a genetic disorder causing cysts to form in the medulla, leading to kidney dysfunction. • 7. Interstitial Nephritis: inflammation of the interstitium, often caused by medications, infections, or autoimmune disorders. • 8. Pyelonephritis: inflammation of the kidney tissue, often caused by bacterial infections. • 9. Papillary Necrosis: damage to the renal papillae, often caused by sickle cell disease, diabetes, or NSAID use. • 10. Light Chain Cast Nephropathy: a rare disorder affecting the tubules, caused by excessive production of light chains, often associated with multiple myeloma. • These diseases can lead to various symptoms, including: • Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine) • Hematuria (blood in the urine) • Polyuria (excessive urine production) • Nocturia (frequent nighttime urination) • Edema (swelling) • Fatigue • Weight loss • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. • #Nephritis

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