Apoptosis Pathway Intrinsic Pathway Part 2 Apaf1 Apoptosomes and activation of caspases

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#apoptosis #cellsignaling #pathways • Apoptosome and caspases are two key components involved in the process of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. • The apoptosome is a multi-protein complex formed by the assembly of cytochrome c, Apaf-1 (apoptotic protease activating factor 1), and caspase-9. In response to cellular stress signals, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol, where it binds to Apaf-1 to initiate the formation of the apoptosome. Once the apoptosome is formed, it activates caspase-9, which in turn activates downstream caspases such as caspase-3, leading to the cleavage of a variety of cellular substrates and ultimately resulting in apoptosis. • Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that play critical roles in the execution of apoptosis. There are two main types of caspases: initiator caspases, which include caspase-9 and caspase-8, and executioner caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. Initiator caspases are activated by the apoptosome or death receptor signaling complexes, while executioner caspases are activated downstream of the initiator caspases. Once activated, caspases cleave specific target proteins in the cell, leading to the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, degradation of DNA, and ultimately cell death. • The link to the 1st part of this video is as following • • Apoptosis, Intrinsic Pathway, Part 1;...

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