Skin lightening Wikipedia audio article











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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_wh... • • • 00:00:41 1 Uses • 00:01:09 2 Discovery and design • 00:02:18 3 Mechanisms of action • 00:06:12 3.1 Inhibition of the activity of tyrosinase • 00:09:03 3.2 Inhibition of the expression or activation of tyrosinase • 00:10:24 3.2.1 The MC1R receptor and cAMP • 00:12:49 3.2.2 Serotonin signaling • 00:14:03 3.3 Preventing the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes • 00:16:44 3.4 Directly destroying existing melanin • 00:18:00 3.5 Destroying melanocytes • 00:18:22 3.6 Non-pharmacological treatments • 00:19:12 4 Whitening agents • 00:19:21 4.1 Pre-melanin synthesis • 00:19:31 4.1.1 Tretinoinsup #91;84 #93;/sup • 00:20:03 4.2 During melanin synthesis • 00:20:13 4.2.1 Hydroquinone • 00:23:03 4.2.2 Resorcinol • 00:23:23 4.2.3 Arbutin • 00:24:58 4.2.4 Kojic acid • 00:26:15 4.2.5 Azelaic acid • 00:26:55 4.2.6 Vitamin C • 00:27:34 4.2.7 Glutathione • 00:31:23 4.3 Post-melanin synthesis • 00:31:33 4.3.1 Alpha hydroxy acids • 00:32:50 4.4 Other or ungrouped treatments • 00:33:00 4.4.1 Depigmenting agents • 00:34:08 4.4.2 Mercury • 00:34:57 4.4.3 Tranexamic acid • 00:35:33 4.4.4 Other • 00:36:04 5 Laser treatments • 00:36:39 6 Cryosurgery • 00:37:21 7 Adverse effects • 00:38:18 8 Society and culture • 00:39:17 9 See also • 00:40:22 10 Notes • • • • Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. • • Learning by listening is a great way to: • increases imagination and understanding • improves your listening skills • improves your own spoken accent • learn while on the move • reduce eye strain • • Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. • • Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: • https://assistant.google.com/services... • Other Wikipedia audio articles at: • https://www.youtube.com/results?searc... • Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: • https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts • Speaking Rate: 0.829389515230503 • Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B • • • I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think. • Socrates • • • SUMMARY • ======= • Skin whitening, also known as lightening, brightening, depigmentation, and bleaching is the use of substances, mixtures, or physical treatments to lighten skin color. Skin whitening treatments work by reducing the skin's melanin content. Many agents have been shown to be effective in skin whitening. Some agents have beneficial side effects, including supplying antioxidants or nutrients or reducing the risk of some types of cancer. Other agents are a significant risk to health, such as mercury-based methods.

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