Development of respiratory system Embryology Lecture

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𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊 • 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 : / @draishwaryakelkar • 📌𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 : / draishwaryakelkar • 📌𝗧𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿: / aishwayadr • 📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 : / clinical.learning • Development of respiratory system - • ----------------------------------------------------------- • The development of the respiratory system is a critical process in embryogenesis, involving the formation and differentiation of structures that will enable efficient gas exchange after birth. 🎥🫁 This complex process begins early in embryonic development and continues through fetal life. • Key Stages in Respiratory System Development: • Weeks 4-5 - Formation of the Respiratory Diverticulum: • Respiratory Diverticulum (Lung Bud): The respiratory system begins as an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the foregut, known as the respiratory diverticulum or lung bud, which appears around the fourth week of development. • Tracheoesophageal Septum: The lung bud elongates and separates from the foregut by the formation of the tracheoesophageal septum, dividing the foregut into the anterior trachea and the posterior esophagus. • Week 5 - Branching of the Lung Bud: • Primary Bronchial Buds: The lung bud bifurcates into two primary bronchial buds, which will form the right and left main bronchi. • Secondary and Tertiary Buds: The primary bronchial buds further branch into secondary and tertiary bronchial buds, which correspond to the lobes and segments of the lungs. • Weeks 6-16 - Pseudoglandular Stage: • Further Branching: The bronchial tree undergoes extensive branching, forming the conducting airways up to the terminal bronchioles. • Glandular Appearance: The developing lungs resemble exocrine glands histologically, with no alveoli present yet. • Weeks 16-26 - Canalicular Stage: • Vascularization: The terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles, and the surrounding mesenchyme becomes highly vascularized. • Primitive Alveoli: The development of primitive alveoli begins, with some differentiation of type I and type II alveolar cells (pneumocytes). Type II pneumocytes start producing surfactant around week 20-22, although in minimal amounts. • Weeks 26-36 - Saccular Stage: • Terminal Sacs: The respiratory bronchioles divide into terminal sacs (primitive alveoli), which continue to increase in number. • Surfactant Production: The production of surfactant by type II pneumocytes increases significantly, which is crucial for reducing surface tension and preventing alveolar collapse after birth. • Weeks 36 to Term - Alveolar Stage: • Maturation of Alveoli: The terminal sacs mature into mature alveoli. This process continues postnatally, with alveolar development completing by around 8 years of age. • Capillary Network: The alveoli become closely associated with an extensive capillary network, optimizing the surface area for gas exchange. • Clinical Significance: • Premature Birth: Infants born prematurely may suffer from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to insufficient surfactant production and underdeveloped alveoli. • Congenital Anomalies: Abnormal development of the respiratory system can lead to conditions such as tracheoesophageal fistula, pulmonary hypoplasia, and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). • Understanding the development of the respiratory system is essential for diagnosing and managing neonatal respiratory conditions and congenital anomalies. Mastery of this topic is crucial for specialties such as pediatrics, neonatology, and pulmonology. Whether preparing for FMGE, NEET PG, or USMLE, exploring the development of the respiratory system enhances your knowledge of embryology and clinical skills. Let's delve into the fascinating process of respiratory system development together! 💡 • • • #RespiratorySystemDevelopment #Embryology #MedicalEducation #FMGE #NEETPG #USMLE #Pediatrics #Neonatology #Pulmonology #MedicalStudents #MedEd #StudyTips #MedicalExams #ExamPrep #AnatomyLearning 📚🫁

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