How to use microscopeUse of microscope in urduUse of microscope in hindiwaseem jadrans biology

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How to use microscope||Use of microscope in urdu||Use of microscope in hindi|waseem jadran's biology • • This video is about • Microscope • instrument that produces enlarged images of small objects, allowing the observer an exceedingly close view of minute structures at a scale convenient for examination and analysis. • Although optical microscopes are the subject of this article, an image may also be enlarged by many other wave forms, including acoustic, X-ray, or electron beam, and be received by direct or digital imaging or by a combination of these methods. • The microscope may provide a dynamic image (as with conventional optical instruments) or one that is static (as with conventional scanning electron microscopes. • The development of the microscope allowed scientists to make new insights into the body and disease. • The limit of resolution of the light microscope is 0.2 µm (greatest magnification is x 1,400). If we want to see fine detail - objects that are closer than 0.2 µm, then we need a more powerful microscope. This means that we have to use the electron microscope. R = 0.203 nm • History. • It’s not clear who invented the first microscope, but the Dutch spectacle maker Zacharias Janssen (b.1585) is credited with making one of the earliest compound microscopes (ones that used two lenses) around 1600. The earliest microscopes could magnify an object up to 20 or 30 times its normal size. • He presented his findings to the Royal Society in London, where Robert Hooke was also making remarkable discoveries with a microscope. • Hooke published the ‘Micrographia’ (1665), an astonishing collection of copper-plate illustrations of objects he had observed with his own compound microscope. • While looking at thin slices of cork, Hooke described what he saw as pores. • all perforated and porous, much like a Honey-comb, ... these pores, or cells, ... were indeed the first microscopical pores I ever saw. • He was the first person to use the term ‘cell’ to describe what would later be recognised as the building blocks of all living organisms, plant and animal. • Compound microscope designed by Robert Hooke, 1671–1700, and thought to have been made by Christopher Cock of Covent Garden, London. • • Many researchers refused to use the early microscopes because they could not trust what they were seeing. Aberrations and impurities in the lenses caused distortions, which led to errors in observations. • Not much changed in basic microscope design over the next 200 years, but improvements in lens manufacture (such as the use of purer glass) helped to solve problems like colour distortion and poor image resolution. Mirrors were added to compound microscopes to add more light and improve the image. • But at the start of the 1800s century, the pioneering French pathologist Xavier Bichat, who carried out many investigations into tissue samples and organs, still refused to use a microscope. • Two main problems hindered lens manufacture: image blurring (spherical aberration) and colour separation (chromatic aberration). Around 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister, in collaboration with instrument maker William Tulley, made one of the first microscopes that corrected for both these faults. • With these two major issues resolved, the use of microscopes in science and medicine grew rapidly. • • THE MICROSCOPE IN THE LABORATORY • From the 1830s, cells and cell theory became the focus of medical and biological research, thanks to the central role of the microscope in laboratory science. Researchers were able to describe the body at the microscopic level more consistently and with greater confidence in what they saw. • Between 1838 and 1839 two German scientists, Mathias Schleiden (1804–81) and Theodor Schwann (1810–82) proposed that cells were the building blocks for plant and animal life. • Topics to be discussed • how to use microscope step by step • how to use microscope step by step in hindi • use of microscope • use of microscope in laboratory • use of microscope in urdu • use of microscope to observe movement of water in plants • • #microscope • #bhatti • #use of microscope • #waseem jadran's biology

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