XIN KONSEP MENCIUS DAN INTERPRETASI KONFUCIUS

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Mensius (± 372—289 SM) • menciusLebih dikenal di Tiongkok sebagai “Master Meng” (Tionghoa: Mengzi), Mencius adalah seorang pemikir Tiongkok abad keempat SM yang kepentingannya dalam tradisi Konfusianisme adalah yang kedua setelah Konfusius sendiri. Dalam banyak hal, ia memainkan peran Santo Paulus kepada Yesus karya Konfusius, menafsirkan pemikiran sang guru untuk masa-masa berikutnya sekaligus mengesankan ide-ide Konfusius dengan stempel filosofisnya sendiri. Ia paling terkenal dengan teorinya tentang sifat manusia, yang menyatakan bahwa semua manusia memiliki kebaikan bawaan yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pendidikan dan disiplin diri atau disia-siakan melalui pengabaian dan pengaruh negatif, namun tidak pernah hilang sama sekali. Meskipun tidak jelas apakah pandangan Mencius berlaku di kalangan filsafat Tiongkok awal, mereka akhirnya menang setelah mendapat dukungan dari komentator dan pemikir abad pertengahan yang berpengaruh seperti Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi, 1130-1200 M) dan Wang Yangming (1472-1529). CE). (Lihat sistem Romanisasi untuk istilah-istilah Tiongkok.) Saat ini, ketertarikan filosofis kontemporer terhadap psikologi evolusioner dan sosiobiologi telah mengilhami penilaian baru terhadap Mencius, sementara studi filologi terkini mempertanyakan koherensi dan keaslian teks yang menyandang namanya. Mencius tetap menjadi sosok yang selalu menarik bagi mereka yang tertarik dengan psikologi moral, dan dia adalah praktisi terkemuka di Tiongkok 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