Valence Electrons part 1 the good stuff CHEM 101 Intro Chem

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Valence electrons are the starts and currency of chemistry! In this video, we discuss where to find them and what they look like . This is Part 1 of a multi-part series on Valence Electrons. • Part 1 (this video) - Intro to valence electrons. • Part 2 - how to draw/write orbital diagrams and electron configurations (using some knowledge of quantum numbers), with examples from the s and p blocks (aka the main group). • Part 3 - examples past the d and f blocks, as well as ions. • Part 4 - periodic trends of Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Electronegativity. • 0:00 Intro - valence electrons are on the outside of the atom (versus core electrons on the inside). They are important because they are involved in all of chemistry (making and breaking bonds). • 1:11 Video Goals • 1:40 Electrons are found as closed to the nucleus as possible, maximizing attraction / minimizing repulsion (this is called the Ground State). • 3:49 If electrons traveled in orbits (like in the Bohr model), they would end up in the closest orbit possible. • 4:54 In reality, electrons occupy spaces called Orbitals. Orbitals, aka electron clouds show the most likely space for finding an electron. Electrons move so fast, you might as well think of the orbital as the electron shape itself! • 5:10 My attempt to describe the so-called probability density plot (just call it an orbital, that's easier!) • 9:48 Orbital shapes for s, p, d, f electrons - sphere, dumbbell, clover, double-clover. 1 lobe, 2 lobes, 4 lobes, 8 lobes respectively. They show where electrons are, and are not. (*Standard disclaimer/technicality: these shapes are from our knowledge of hydrogen or any other single-electron atoms, but are used as approximations for other elements as well). • 13:19 The Periodic Table is organized based on the orbital shapes of the valence electrons. I call it the Special PDF file because of the spdf order. It's good to think in the order of s-p-d-f because that shows the order of block appearance. • 15:56 Preview for next videos -- giving an address for each electron so that we can find the valence and core electrons. This is going to be the orbital diagrams and electron configurations.

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