Pharmacology of Alcohol

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Sponsored by BetterHelp. Clinicians, sign up with BetterHelp to increase your bookings and work from teh comfort of your own home. https://hasofferstracking.betterhelp.... • #pharmacology #alcohol #addicitoncounselor #addictiontraining • Pharmacology of Alcohol • Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes • Objectives • ~ Explore the impact of alcohol on neurotransmitters and major bodily systems • Intro • ~ Heavy drinking worsens morbidity from chronic disease as it exacerbates the effects of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hepatitis, and interferes with the metabolism and therapeutic actions of various medications • ~ According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture, moderate drinking is up to 1 drink per day for women • ~ Deficiencies in folate, thiamine, B6, omega–3, folic acid, zinc, choline, iron, copper, selenium may play critical roles • ~ Increased susceptibility to inflammation and damage from alcohol use. • ~ Altered neurotransmitter levels • Wernicke’s Encephalopathy • ~ WE is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, symptoms include altered mental status, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. • ~ Repeated bouts of thiamine deficiency cause severe and permanent deficits in spatial memory and increased perseverative behavior. • ~ thiamine deficiency, together with binge or chronic ethanol exposures, causes progressive cognitive dysfunction and loss of neural plasticity due to reduced GABAergic inhibition and increased glutamatergic excitation. • Alcohol and Sleep Disorders • ~ Heavy alcohol use may be associated with circadian abnormalities, short sleep duration, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep-related movement disorder • ~ Alcohol acts as a sedative that causes presynaptic release of GABA in the brainstem and interacts with several other neurotransmitter systems (serotonin and glutamate) important in the regulation of sleep • ~ Alcohol abuse and dependence are associated with • ~ down regulation of brainstem GABAergic systems following development of alcohol dependence • ~ chronic sleep disturbance and disrupted melatonin rhythms • Alcohol and the Endocrine System (HPA-Axis) • ~ Acute exposure to alcohol activates the HPA axis, leading to a dose-related increase in circulating ACTH and cortisol and inducing anxiolytic-like responses • ~ Chronic use leads to blunted HPA-Axis response and the inhibitory control of the HPA axis was impaired in heavy drinkers (flat and the furious) • ~ Chronic alcohol exposure causes a decrease in testosterone, and progesterone and an increase in estrogen • ~ Chronic alcohol exposure reduces the response to TSH insufficient T4 to be converted to T3 • ~ Interestingly there is a significant positive correlation between free T3 and alcohol-seeking behaviors in alcohol-dependent individuals • Alcohol and the Intestinal Microbiota • ~ Alcohol-induced changes in the gut and intestinal microbiota composition contribute to the link between alcohol-induced oxidative stress and intestinal hyperpermeability to bacteria and toxins and systemic inflammation, and tissue damage/organ pathologies including the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) • ~ Dysbiosis can be caused diet, disruption of circadian rhythms, illness, stress and alcoholic beverage consumption • Summary • ~ Alcohol impacts nearly every system of the body and alters levels of most neurotransmitters • ~ Chronic alcohol use can lead to HPA-Axis dysregulation • ~ Increases in GABA and stimulation of mu-opioid receptors caused by alcohol can have dangerous additive effects when combined with benzodiazepines or opioids. • ~ Alcohol may also potentiate SSRIs • ~ Alcohol causes excitotoxicity in the brain resulting in reductions of both white and gray matter • ~ Inhibition of thiamine absorption can cause a life-threatening condition called Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome and should be a consideration when people present with sudden onset cognitive symptoms. • Want to chat with me? Join me at https://members.docsnipes.com/ For $10/month you get access to my daily tips for health and wellness and you can text chat with me privately. • Video by Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes on integrative behavioral health approaches including counseling techniques and skills for improving mental health and reducing mental illness. • Please SUBSCRIBE and click the BELL to be notified when we release new videos and when Dr. Dawn Elise Snipes is going live each month. • Cheap CEUs are available at https://www.allceus.com/live-interact... • AllCEUs provides multimedia counselor education and CEUs for LPCs, LMHCs, LMFTs and LCSWs as well as addiction counselor precertification training and continuing education. • Live, Interactive Webinars ($5) • Unlimited Counseling CEs for $59 • Specialty Certificates starting at $89 including Addiction Counselor, RecoveryCoach, Pee rSupport Specialist, Trauma Informed Care, BHT, Etherapy

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