Summits Protocol amp Convention for neet ytshorts

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Summits, Protocol Convention || for neet #ytshorts 📚📚📚📚📚🥇🥇🥇🥇🥇Here's an overview of some significant summits, protocols, and conventions that are relevant for NEET preparation, especially in the context of environment and ecology: • 1. Earth Summit (1992) - Rio de Janeiro • Officially called the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). • Focused on sustainable development and led to key documents like Agenda 21, which emphasized action plans for sustainable development. • Resulted in the establishment of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). • • 2. Kyoto Protocol (1997) • An international treaty under the UNFCCC, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. • Binding targets were set for developed countries to reduce emissions by an average of 5% below 1990 levels by 2012. • Introduced carbon trading mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to incentivize emission reduction. • • 3. Montreal Protocol (1987) • Focused on phasing out substances that deplete the ozone layer, particularly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). • One of the most successful environmental treaties, achieving near-universal ratification. • Has led to significant recovery of the ozone layer due to international cooperation. • • 4. Paris Agreement (2015) • An agreement under the UNFCCC to combat climate change and limit global warming to below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C. • Encourages countries to submit nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to reduce emissions. • Emphasizes adaptation, financing for developing countries, and technology transfer. • • 5. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992) • Established at the Earth Summit to promote the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. • Three main goals: conservation, sustainable use, and benefit-sharing. • • 6. Ramsar Convention (1971) • An international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. • Aims to protect wetland ecosystems as they are critical for biodiversity and water management. • Each member country designates sites as Wetlands of International Importance, known as Ramsar Sites. • • 7. Stockholm Conference (1972) • The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, marking the beginning of modern environmental governance. • Led to the formation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). • Highlighted the need for environmental protection alongside economic development. • • Understanding these conventions helps in grasping global environmental goals, efforts for biodiversity conservation, and climate action—key topics in NEET’s ecology and environment sections.

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