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Isomerization Unit
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Isomerization Unit: • Isomerization is converting the nC4/nC5 nC6 in iso species with higher octane number, 100% benzene saturation occurs for nC5 nC6 feeds, high product yields 99-100 % vol, but the drawback of isomerate is higher RVP. • nC5 RONC / MONC = 61.7 / 61.3 • iC5 RONC / MONC = 93.5 / 89.5 • 1. Technologies highlights: UOP PENEX use chlorided alumina like Axens, instead GTC with Isomalk2, sulfated zirconia: • Sulfated zirconia tolerates H2O, sulfur, nitrogen instead Cl-Al systems are affected by mentioned impurities. Using Cl-Al catalyst system an impurities control is mandatory and also feed H2 driers, but the most important aspect is that the catalyst could not be regenerated. • Caustic handling is an issue of Cl-Al system which determine that sulfated zirconia to be more attractive • Impurity accepted levels: water / sulfur / nitrogen / fluoride / oxygenates max 0.1 wt. ppm and metals under ppb levels for isomerization feed and for recycle gas: water 0.1 mol ppm / nitrogen HCl 0.5 mol ppm / sulfur CO 1.0 mol ppm and CO2+CO 10 mol ppm. • UOP shall provide methanator when CO+CO2 in recycle gas is higher, others use adsorbent to remove CO - adsorbent doesn’t perform well with CO when is loaded in H2 driers due to higher regeneration time • ParIsom is a robust process, can tolerate feed impurities, no driers and Cl injection are required, no caustic and most important, the catalyst could be regenerated. Recycle gas compressor and driers are still required. ParIsom use sulfated zirconia and the catalyst life is higher than 10 years. • UOP with PENEX 3 reactor system, claim higher RON at EOR or lower utility consumption keeping the same value of RON and that the catalyst quantity is the same as for 2 reactors. • Axens pretends that initial Cl-Al filling cost is lower, but this comes due to lower Pt content and the end user must pay attention at feed with high X factor. • Catalyst life: UOP PENEX Axens approx. 9 years. • 2. Just to have an idea of maximum RONC / CAPEX factor: • simple zeolitic Isomerization: 80 / 1 • sulfated zirconia Isomerization: 82 / 1 • oncethrough clasical Isomerization: 84 / 1.2 with DIH 89 / 1.6 with DIP DIH 92 / 2.6. • 3. Operating conditions: • C5/C6: 17-35 barg 135-165°C, LHSV 1-4 h-1 • C4 units: 35 barg 150-175°C, LHSV 2-4 h-1. • Tips: • LHSV increase: the feed which pass through catalyst bed increase, meaning more normal hydrocarbons to be isomerize, more benzene to be saturated, less acid sites to isomerize, high severity medium for catalyst. Corrective action: increase temperature to approach equilibrium • MaxIsom was acquired by KBR from RRT Global, which use catalytic fractionation column instead of reactors and the feed could tolerate 20% C6H6 in contrast to 5% of fixed bed units (KBR is saying), but the compact design, with lower energy/utility consumption, needs industrial prove. • eBook: • • https://lnkd.in/evN6h_w • https://lnkd.in/eF4KWM9 • https://lnkd.in/eUcR2kk • Enjoy! • #innovation #sustainability #processengineering #research #energy #training #technology #business #engineering
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