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Hybridization for NH4 description of hybrid orbitals for Nitrogen
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To find the hybridization for NH4+ we’ll first determine the steric number. The steric number can be found by adding the number of bonded atoms and then number of lone pairs. • Steric Number = (#bonding atoms) + (#lone pairs). • You may also see it written as: • Steric Number = ( sigma bonds) + (#lone pairs). • Both equations result in a steric number of four for NH4+. We can also use the steric number to find the molecular geometry of NH4+. Since we have a steric number of four and no lone pairs, we have a tetrahedral molecular geometry with bond angles of about 109.5 degrees • The ground state energy level diagram for NH4+ doesn’t explain the tetrahedral molecular geometry observed for NH4+. However, if we consider the s and three p orbitals to be hybridized (a mix to produce four separate and equal orbitals), we can explain the observed molecular geometry of tetrahedral. • There creation of hybrid orbitals is useful for understanding the shape and bond angels for molecules. To understand the energies, molecular orbital theory may be more appropriate.
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