Method of preparation of phenol by Mr Dharambir Pharmacy Department RPIIT Academics

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Preparation of Phenols from Haloarenes • Chlorobenzene is an example of a haloarene which is formed by the monosubstitution of the benzene ring. When chlorobenzene is fused with sodium hydroxide at 623K and 320 atm, sodium phenoxide is produced. Finally, sodium phenoxide on acidification gives phenol. • Preparation from Haloarenes • 2. Preparation of Phenols from Benzene Sulphonic Acid • Benzenesulphonic acid can be obtained from benzene by reacting it with oleum. This benzene sulphonic acid can be treated with molten sodium hydroxide at high temperatures to encourage the formation of sodium phenoxide. Finally, sodium phenoxide on acidification gives phenol. • Preparation of Phenols from Benzene sulphonic acid • 3. Preparation of Phenols from Diazonium Salts • When an aromatic primary amine is treated with nitrous (NaNO2 + HCl) acid at 273 – 278 K, diazonium salts are obtained. These diazonium salts are highly reactive in nature. Upon warming with water, these diazonium salts finally hydrolyze to phenols. Phenols can also be obtained from diazonium salts by treating it with dilute acids. • Preparation of Phenols from Aniline • 4. Preparation of Phenols from Cumene • Cumene is an organic compound obtained by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with propylene. Upon oxidation of cumene (isopropylbenzene) in the presence of air, cumene hydroperoxide is obtained. Upon further treatment of cumene hydroperoxide with dilute acid, phenols are obtained. Acetone is also produced as one of the by-products of this reaction in large quantities. Hence, phenols prepared by these methods need purifications. • Website : https://www.rpiit.com/ • Email : [email protected] • Facebook: / rpiitcampuskarnal • Contact :9215678929 • RPIIT Technical Medical Campus • Address : Nr Toll Plaza, GT Road, NH-1, Karnal, Haryana -132001

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