Atomic bomb History Properties Proliferation amp Facts Usama Physicist

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#2024vs2050 #usamaMushtaq #facts #physics • History • 1. Development: Manhattan Project (1942-1946) • 2. First test: Trinity (July 16, 1945) • 3. First use: Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) • 4. Cold War era: Nuclear arms race between USA and USSR • Properties • 1. Types: • Atomic (fission) • Hydrogen (fusion) • Neutron • Thermonuclear • 2. Components: • Fuel (uranium-235 or plutonium-239) • Initiator • Reflector • Detonator • 3. Effects: • Blast wave • Heat radiation • Radiation (gamma, alpha, beta) • Fallout • Proliferation • 1. Nuclear-armed states: • USA • Russia • China • France • UK • India • Pakistan • North Korea • Israel (undeclared) • 2. Treaties: • Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT, 1968) • Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START, 1991) • Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT, 1996) • Facts • 1. Atomic bombs can reach temperatures of 7,000°C (13,000°F). • 2. The first atomic bomb, Little Boy, weighed 4,000 kg (8,800 lbs). • 3. Nuclear weapons account for 10% of global military spending. • 4. Over 14,000 nuclear warheads exist worldwide. • 5. Radiation from atomic bombs can last for thousands of years. • Consequences • 1. Humanitarian: Mass casualties, long-term health effects. • 2. Environmental: Radioactive contamination, climate disruption. • 3. Economic: Devastating impact on global economy. • 4. Political: Geopolitical instability, nuclear terrorism risks. • Prevention Efforts • 1. Disarmament initiatives • 2. Non-proliferation agreements • 3. Nuclear security summits • 4. International monitoring agencies (IAEA) • Sources: • 1. Atomic Archive • 2. Nuclear Threat Initiative • 3. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) • 4. (link unavailable) • 5. (link unavailable)

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