Axiology

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Axiology, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3143 / CC BY SA 3.0 • #Axiology • #Branches_of_philosophy • #Concepts_in_aesthetics • #Concepts_in_ethics • #Concepts_in_metaphysics • #Critical_thinking • #Ethics • #Meta-ethics • #Metaphilosophy • Axiology （from Greek ἀξία, axia: value, worth ; and -λογία, -logia: study of ） is the philosophical study of value. • It includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value. • It is intimately connected with various other philosophical fields that crucially depend on the notion of value, like ethics, aesthetics or philosophy of religion. • It is also closely related to value theory and meta-ethics. • The term was first used by Paul Lapie, in 1902, and Eduard von Hartmann, in 1908. • The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic value is central to axiology. • One conceptualization holds that something is intrinsically valuable if it is good in itself or good for its own sake. • It is usually held that intrinsic value depends on certain features of the valuable entity. • For example, an experience may be said to be intrinsically valuable in virtue of being pleasurable. • Extrinsic value, by contrast, is ascribed to things that are valuable only as a means to something else. • Substantive theories of value try to determine which entities have intrinsic value. • Monist theories hold that there is only one type of intrinsic value. • The paradigm example of monist theories is hedonism, the thesis that only pleasure has intrinsic value. • Pluralist theories, on the other hand, contend that there are various different types of intrinsic value, for example, virtue, knowledge, friendship, etc. • Value pluralists face the problem of explaining whether or how the different types of value can be compared when making rational decisions. • Some philosophers state that values do not exist on the most fundamental level of reality. • One such view holds that a value statement about something just expresses the speaker's a...

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